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During the Russo-Georgian War a series of cyberattacks swamped and disabled websites of numerous South Ossetian, Georgian, Russian and Azerbaijani organisations. == Attacks == On 20 July 2008, weeks before the Russian invasion of Georgia, the "zombie" computers were already on the attack against Georgia.〔 The website of the Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili was targeted, resulting in overloading the site. The traffic directed at the Web site included the phrase "win+love+in+Rusia". The site then was taken down for 24 hours.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Georgia president's Web site falls under DDOS attack )〕 On 5 August 2008, the websites for OSInform News Agency and OSRadio were hacked. The OSinform website at osinform.ru kept its header and logo, but its content was replaced by the content of Alania TV website. Alania TV, a Georgian government supported television station aimed at audiences in South Ossetia, denied any involvement in the hacking of the rival news agency website. Dmitry Medoyev, the South Ossetian envoy to Moscow, claimed that Georgia was attempting to cover up the deaths of 29 Georgian servicemen during the flare-up on August 1 and 2. On 5 August, Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline was subject to a terrorist attack near Refahiye in Turkey, responsibility for which was originally taken by Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) but there is circumstantial evidence that it was instead a sophisticated computer attack on line's control and safety systems that led to increased pressure and explosion. According to Jart Armin, a researcher, many Georgian Internet servers were under external control since late 7 August 2008.〔 On 8 August, the DDoS attacks peaked and the defacements began.〔 On 9 August 2008, key sections of Georgia's Internet traffic reportedly had been rerouted through servers based in Russia and Turkey, where the traffic was either blocked or diverted. The Russian and Turkish servers were allegedly controlled by the Russian hackers. Later on the same day, the network administrators in Germany were able to temporarily reroute some Georgian Internet traffic directly to servers run by Deutsche Telekom AG. However, within hours the traffic was again diverted to Moscow-based servers.〔 On 10 August 2008, RIA Novosti news agency's website was disabled for several hours by a series of attacks. Maxim Kuznetsov, head of the agency's IT department said: "The DNS-servers and the site itself have been coming under severe attack." On 10 August, Jart Armin warned that Georgian sites that were online might have been fake. "Use caution with any Web sites that appear of a Georgia official source but are without any recent news (as those dated Saturday, Aug. 9, or Sunday, Aug. 10 ), as these may be fraudulent," he said.〔〔 By 11 August 2008, the website of the Georgian president had been defaced and images comparing President Saakashvili to Adolf Hitler were posted. This was an example of cyber warfare combined with PSYOPs.〔 Georgian Parliament's site was also targeted.〔〔〔 Some Georgian commercial websites were also attacked.〔〔〔 On 11 August, Georgia accused Russia of waging cyber warfare on Georgian government websites simultaneously with a military offensive. The Foreign Ministry of Georgia said in a statement, "A cyber warfare campaign by Russia is seriously disrupting many Georgian websites, including that of the Foreign Affairs Ministry." A Kremlin spokesman denied the accusation and said, "On the contrary, a number of internet sites belonging to the Russian media and official organizations have fallen victim to concerted hacker attacks." The Ministry of Foreign Affairs set up a blog on Google's Blogger service as a temporary site. The Georgian President's site was moved to US servers.〔 The National Bank of Georgia’s Web site had been defaced at one point and 20th-century dictators' images and an image of Georgian president Saakashvili were placed.〔 The Georgian Parliament website was defaced by the "South Ossetia Hack Crew" and the content was replaced with images comparing President Saakashvili to Hitler.〔 Estonia offered hosting for Georgian governmental website and cyberdefense advisors.〔〔 However a spokesman from Estonia's Development Centre of State Information Systems said Georgia didn't request help. "This will be decided by the government," he said.〔 It was reported that the Russians bombed Georgia’s telecommunications infrastructure, including cell towers.〔 Russian hackers also attacked the servers of the Azerbaijani Day.Az news agency. The reason was Day.Az position in covering the Russian-Georgian conflict.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Today.az ">date=11 August 2008 )〕 ANS.az, one of the leading news websites in Azerbaijan, was also attacked.〔 Russian intelligence services had also disabled the information websites of Georgia during the war.〔 The Georgian news site Civil Georgia switched their operations to one of Google's Blogspot domains.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Estonia, Google Help 'Cyberlocked' Georgia (Updated) )〕 Despite the cyber-attacks, Georgian journalists managed to report on the war. Many media professionals and citizen journalists set up blogs to report or comment on the war.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Georgia: Regional Reporters )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Longtime Battle Lines Are Recast In Russia and Georgia's Cyberwar )〕 Barack Obama, the U.S. presidential candidate demanded Russia halt the internet attacks as well as complying with a ceasefire on the ground.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Georgia: Russia 'conducting cyber war' )〕 The President of Poland, Lech Kaczyński, said that Russia was blocking Georgian "internet portals" to supplement its military aggression. He offered his own website to Georgia to aid in the "dissemination of information".〔 Reporters Without Borders condemned the violations of online freedom of information since the outbreak of hostilities between Georgia and Russia. "The Internet has become a battleground in which information is the first victim," it said.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Russian and Georgian websites fall victim to a war being fought online as well as in the field )〕 The attacks involved Denial-of-service attacks.〔〔〔 The New York Times reported on 12 August that according to some experts, it was the first time in history a known cyberattack had coincided with a shooting war. On 12 August, the attacks continued, controlled by programs that were located in hosting centers controlled by a Russian telecommunications companies. A Russian-language site, stopgeorgia.ru, continued to operate and offer software for Denial-of-service attacks. RT reported on 12 August that during the previous 24 hours its website had been attacked. The security specialists said that the initial attacker was an IP-address registered in the Georgian capital Tbilisi. On 14 August 2008, it was reported that although a ceasefire reached, major Georgian servers were still down, hindering communication in Georgia.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cyberattacks during the Russo-Georgian War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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